Arnold, and Elias Meezan Drug Absorption from Vagina and Uterus Vagina and Uterus as Drug-Absorbing Organs R. Martin Nasal Delivery of Peptide Drugs Dennis J. Birchall Nasal Absorption Optimization Physiological Factors Affecting Nasal Drug Delivery Sian Tiong Lim, Ben Forbes, Marc B. Barry Stratum Corneum Bypassed or Removed James C. Timi flow grade skin#Barry Ultrasound in Percutaneous Absorption Joseph Kost Combined Chemical and Electroporation Methods of Skin Penetration Enhancement Michael C. Begona Delgado-Charro Electroporation as a Mode of Skin Penetration Enhancement Michael C. Barry Vesicular Carriers for Enhanced Delivery through the Skin Elka Touitou and Biana Godin Iontophoresis in Transdermal Delivery B. Bouwstra Chemical Permeation Enhancement Adrian C. Smart Transdermal Enhanced Delivery The Lipid Organization in Stratum Corneum and Model Systems Based on Ceramides Miranda W. Friend Inhibition of Enzymes and Secretory Transport Martin Werle and Andreas Bernkop-Schnurch Enhanced Gastrointestinal Absorption of Lipophilic Drugs Arik Dahan and Amnon Hoffman Promoted Rectal Absorption Permeation Pathway in Rectal Absorption Yoshiteru Watanabe Cyclodextrins and Other Enhancers in Rectal Delivery Hidetoshi Arima and Kaneto Uekama Enhancement of Buccal and Sublingual Absorption Basic Biopharmaceutics of Buccal and Sublingual Absorptions Priya Batheja, Rashmi Thakur, and Bozena Michniak Chemical Enhancers in Buccal and Sublingual Absorptions John D. Continual administration of such drugs with meals would result in lower steady-state drug concentrations in plasma than would be found were the drug to be given under fasting conditions.read more read lessĪbstract: Promoted Gastrointestinal Drug Absorption Gastrointestinal Anatomy, Physiology and Permeation Pathways Abraham Rubinstein Enhancers for Enteral Delivery of Macromolecules with Emphasis on Surfactants Biana Godin and Elka Touitou Improvement of Oral Drug Absorption by Chitosan and its Derivatives Hiraku Onishi and Yoshiharu Machida Targeted GI Delivery David R. This type of food effect often occurs with drugs with poor permeability characteristics that are incompletely absorbed even by fasting patients. On the other hand, food has been found to substantially reduce the extent of absorption of certain drugs, including many antibiotics. Such an effect is clinically significant for sedative-hypnotics and for other drugs where a prompt response is desired but is probably of little concern in most other cases. In general, food reduces the absorption rate of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract but in most instances has little influence on the extent of absorption. Welling21 has recently presented a comprehensive and critical review of these efforts. Abstract: There has been considerable interest in the past fifteen years in determining the influence of food and diet on gastrointestinal drug absorption.
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